Book report sample
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Murder is Murder(Capital Punishment) essays
Murder is Murder(Capital Punishment) expositions Murder will be Murder The death penalty has been a disputable theme nearly since it's commencement. Since scriptural occasions, tit for tat, or a tooth for a tooth, has been the built up standard for revenge. As society propelled, the techniques for the death penalty turned out to be increasingly cultivated. Be that as it may, the outcome continues as before, legitimately endorsed passing. Change of programmed capital punishments started in Europe in the 1750's. The social reformers and English law reformers of that time contended that capital punishment was unnecessarily coldblooded, exaggerated as an impediment, and every so often forced in deadly mistake. The social reformers proposed life detainment as an increasingly empathetic other option. The social reformers proposition is steady with my feeling. Any passing of any individual isn't right. Everyone's supposition is that death penalty forever expels the most noticeably terrible crooks from society, and is more affordable and more secure for society, than long haul or perpetual imprisonment. It is apparent that dead lawbreakers can't carry out additional wrongdoings. In any case, the equivalent is valid for crooks carrying out life punishments. A great many people would think it is more affordable to execute an individual as opposed to keep them in jail, which isn't in every case valid. It is evaluated that a capital case bringing about execution may cost $2,000,000. Anyway life detainment's $20,000 a year is practically identical. Obviously we would imagine that execution would not be costly yet the legitimate expenses, claims and the court cost make execution exorbitant. It is basically not financially savvy. Moreover, the way that an individual is indicted for a homicide and condemned to death doesn't generally mean the person in question is blameworthy. There are num erous individuals who are wrongly blamed. Imagine a scenario in which somebody is blameless and they are wrongly executed. There is no conceivable method to make up for their unfair passing. Now and again an individual indicted for the homicide ... <!
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Chilli Peppers And Globalization Around The World History Essay
Bean stew Peppers And Globalization Around The World History Essay The world has been grappling with globalization in the course of the most recent couple of decades however in Southeast Asia, globalization has been a lifestyle for quite a long time. Arranged at the focal point of the East-West exchange course, its ports have been presented to a bunch of differentiating impacts from various pieces of the world. The Southeast Asian experience is one of seeing and adjusting those different impacts and this has offered ascend to remarkable societies inside the locale. No place is this more clear than the job of stew peppers in the district. Today, stew peppers have become entwined with the possibility of Southeast Asian cooking. Inside or outside the district, Southeast Asian cooking is notable for its plentiful utilization of chillies in food planning and one may be excused for imagining that chillies are indigenous to Southeast Asia. Be that as it may, stew peppers are really a result of globalization, brought into Southeast Asia under 500 years, and have been adjusted into the territorial food. In these couple of brief hundreds of years, the bean stew pepper has even come to characterize the territorial personality and individual characters of Southeast Asians. This article will take a gander at the job of chillies in Southeast Asia today and analyze how the globalization of cooking styles has come to shape Southeast Asian personality. Likewise, we will see that the procedure of globalization is certifiably not a straight procedure and its belongings over the area have not been even. Globalization and Chili in SEA The frontier powers and the pervasiveness of exchange the Southeast Asian district were the key factors in acquainting bean stew peppers with the cooking styles of Southeast Asia. Stew peppers were the indigenous plants of the Americas from 7000 BCà [1]à . During the 1500s, the Portuguese acquainted them with Thailand, where they immediately spread to the remainder of the district. Southeast Asian cooking before the presentation of bean stew shows an earlier inclination for hot food. In Thailand, individuals were flavoring their food with ginger and peppercornsâ [2]â . This inclination for zesty food may be a sign of neighborhood conditions that made the locale progressively helpless or obliging of fiery food. Financially, the stew pepper send out industry contributes next to no to the district. In Southeast Asia, the biggest makers of bean stew peppers are Indonesia and Thailand. Along with India and China, these 2 nations traded 22.4 huge amounts of bean stew peppers in 2003, representing 67.8% of worldwide bean stew sends out esteemed at US$9.5 billion. In any case, the figures show that solitary a limited quantity of stew was really sent out on the grounds that the greater part of it is devoured locally inside the district itselfâ [3]â . In this way, the high residential utilization of stew in the district notwithstanding the monetary commitment of bean stew trades means that the significance of stew toward the Southeast Asian area. In numerous Southeast Asian nations today, bean stew is appropriated in its new structure, dried structure or powder structure. In Singapore, new chillies are regularly situated in general stores and wet markets while dried chillies and bean stew powder can be found in little restrictive shops like the ones in Little India. Prior to the presentation of current innovation into the district, bean stew was evaporated or ground so as to shield it from ruining. Accordingly, the most widely recognized types of chillies utilized in nearby plans call for dried chillies and bean stew powder. Today, the proceeded with interest for dried and powdered chillies in spite of the accessibility of new chillies demonstrates the degree to which these types of stew have gotten settled in Southeast Asian cooking. The manner in which Southeast Asians plan food today is a demonstration of the heritage of the past. Without present day refrigeration innovation, the sweltering and damp climate in the area makes food ruin rapidly. In any case, the expansion of a flavor like chillies goes about as an additive to the food and keeps it from turning sour as fastâ [4]â . Moreover, the utilization of chillies in food arrangement can cover the flavor of mud in specific fixings like kang kong or stream fish, along these lines making them taste increasingly acceptable. Southeast Asians were at that point utilizing ginger and peppercorns just as various kinds of flavors in food planning before the 1500s so they had the option to adjust to the presentation of chillies reasonably without any problem. Present day Southeast Asians hold the customary technique for planning food with bean stew notwithstanding innovative upgrades. The ubiquity of chillies in Southeast Asian food can be credited to the predominance of rice in the area and the organic impacts of stew utilization. The utilization of chillies can assist with making starch-based nourishments progressively tantalizing and rice is the most regularly devoured staple food in Southeast Asiaâ [5]â . Subsequently, Southeast Asians most likely began bringing chillies into meat and vegetables since it made the rice they were eating taste better. Moreover, the utilization of chillies has a few organic impacts on the human body. While ingesting chillies, the capsaicin initiates sweat by expanding internal heat levels. This prompts a cooling impact in the body, which is alluring in a hot tropical locale like Southeast Asia. There are likewise asserts that chillies can fix normal infirmities like colds and diarrhoeasâ [6]â . The capsaicin in bean stew peppers has likewise been found to advance endorphin discharge in the human cerebrum so as to manage the co py of hot food, in this way making an unbearably hot feast incomprehensibly pleasurableâ [7]â . In Britain, scientists were investigating the notoriety of curry in the United Kingdom and they presumed that curry had become so famous because in light of the fact that the zest in the curry caused expanded pulses after utilization, basically working as an aphrodisiacâ [8]â . In this manner, the predominance of rice notwithstanding the natural impacts of devouring stew can help clarify its ubiquity in Southeast Asian cooking. The Effects of Globalization on SEA Identity My most punctual recollections of chillies are of helping my mom plan rempah for sheep curry as a kid. Beating bean stew padis with a stone mortar and pestle carried tears to my eyes and I was unable to comprehend why individuals would need to eat hot food. As I grew up, chillies gradually started piece of my eating regimen and one of my preferred burgers was the McSpicy from McDonalds. Among my gathering of companions, the capacity to expend a lot of chillies turned into a state of pride. I am certain my experience matches that of numerous Singaporeans and even that of individuals living in neighboring nations. This is on the grounds that has now gotten interchangeable with the local personality of Southeast Asia. Inside Southeast Asia, the possibility of bean stew being a basic piece of local food has flourished as claim to fame chillies designed by the different ethnic gatherings. In a Singaporean vendor community, dishes accompany bean stew backups running from Hainanese Chicken Rice bean stew to Malay sambal goreng to the newly cut bean stew peppers absorbed soya sauce. Indeed, even the Peranakans have their own special durian belacan. Despite the fact that I didn't have any acquaintance with it around then, the rempah I helped my mom plan is really a Malay formula extraordinary to Singapore and Malaysiaâ [9]â . Ethnic societies in Southeast Asia would now be able to characterize themselves by the manner in which they eat their chillies in light of the fact that the majority of them have figured one of a kind methods of setting it up. The job of chillies has gotten so dug in the Southeast Asian mentality through its inescapability in food that it has entered the local dictionary. In Southeast Asia, the most renowned assortment of bean stew is the winged creatures eye bean stew, which is also called stew padi to Singaporeans and Malaysians. Thai chilies can likewise be alluded to as cabe rawit in Indonesia, phrik khi nu in Thailand and siling labuyo in the Philippinesâ [10]â . With individuals in various nations making their own names for a similar sort of stew, the presentation of bean stew into the Southeast Asian dictionary mirrors the degree to which it has become a piece of Southeast Asian life. Truth be told, Southeast Asians utilize the term bean stew padi in a non culinary setting as slang for a female who is little in height yet feisty in nature, originating from the familiar way of thinking that the littlest bean stew peppers are the most sweltering bean stew peppers. With the expanding convergence of Southeast Asian migrants to Western nations, Westerners are presented to Southeast Asian cooking. As Southeast Asians utilize more flavors and chillies rather than salt and pepper, Westerners have come to see chillies as a characterizing part of Southeast Asian food. Westerners frequently utilize the hotness of food and the inordinate utilization of chillies to decide if the food they are eating is real Southeast Asian cooking. A Filippino eatery in the Amsterdam needed to acquaint a lot of bean stew with take into account the assumptions of Dutch customersâ [11]â . This Western thought of bean stew being a basic piece of Southeast Asian food is being taken care of go into Southeast Asia through the procedure of culinary globalization. The McSpicy from McDonalds which really made for the Singapore showcase so as to take into account the apparent Southeast Asian inclination for everything fiery. I was unable to discover this burger in any of the McDonalds outlets I visited in the UK or Europe. In local advancements, Canadian Pizza consolidates a regularly Italian dish like pizza with hot neighborhood food like curry chicken to make a remarkable cross breed as Chicken Curry Pizza. The possibility of bean stew in Southeast Asian cooking has gotten so entwined with Southeast Asian character that worldwide nearby tastes. The job of bean stew has likewise picked up significance with regards to characterizing the individual personality of Southeast Asians. In numerous Southeast Asian people group, the capacity to endure stew based food or even relish the flavor of bean stew peppers is a definitive, but casual, ceremony of
Friday, August 21, 2020
Blog Archive mbaMissions Exclusive Interview with Shark Tank Contestant Shaan Patel, Founder of Prep Expert
Blog Archive mbaMissionâs Exclusive Interview with Shark Tank Contestant Shaan Patel, Founder of Prep Expert Shaan Patel is an entrepreneur and a recent contestant on ABCâs Shark Tankâ"and he is also an MBA student! Patelâs company Prep Expert (formerly 2400 Expert SAT Prep) was growing steadily when he decided to pursue a business degree at the Yale School of Management (SOM), which left him juggling entrepreneurship and schoolwork. We asked him how he manages it all and how he persuaded Mark Cuban to jump on board as an investor! Thank you for taking the time to talk to us. You are currently a second-year student at the SOM. Many MBAs launch businesses after graduation, but you managed to do so during your studies. How did your experience at the SOM prepare you for this endeavor? Shark Tank Episode 716 contestant Shaan Patel (Photo via ABC) The [SOM] has been transformative in helping me to expand my venture with its focus on entrepreneurship. Perhaps the most impactful class I took was âManagement of Software Developmentâ taught by [the schoolâs] director of entrepreneurship, Kyle Jensen. The class taught me the importance of Web development and design, which led me to use lean and agile methods to rapidly iterate our companyâs Web site, which has resulted in hundreds of thousands of dollars in increased revenue. I am very involved in the entrepreneurship community at Yale and am currently taking âStartup Practicumââ"a course that allows founders to work on their start-ups in a structured course for school credit. You scored a perfect 2400 on your SATs. Was this the main inspiration for 2400 Expert SAT Prep, or did you have an earlier interest in the subject? Did your perfect score come as a surprise to you? I never planned to start an SAT prep company. I originally wanted to write an SAT prep book. When I was in high school, I only scored around average on my first practice SAT. I then spent hundreds of hours in the library raising my own score to a perfect 2400. This score changed my lifeâ"I was admitted into prestigious universities, won a quarter million dollars in scholarships, and even got to meet the president of the United States. When I was in college, I wanted to write an SAT prep book to teach other students how to prepare for the SAT the way that I did in high school. When I pitched my book proposal to over 100 literary agents and publishers, I was turned down by every single one. Thatâs when I decided to leverage the material I had written to start 2400 Expert. After my first class had an average SAT score improvement of 376 points, I had parents knocking down the door for more courses. Ironically, after McGraw-Hill, the worldâs largest education publisher, who had already rejected my book proposal, saw what I was doing with 2400 Expert, they offered me a book deal after all. It was interesting that I got what I originally wanted after I took a completely different path. You mentioned in an email that you went from living in a motel to attending business school. Can you expand on that a little bit? Yes, I grew up in my parentsâ budget motel in Las Vegas. I attended urban public schools in the worst school district in the nation with a 40% dropout rate. However, I really believe it doesnât matter where you go to school. Instead, itâs your effort that determines your success. I ended up attending an eight-year baccalaureate/MD program at the University of Southern California [USC]. I started my business just prior to starting med school. As my company was growing while I was in medical school, I decided to go to business school to not only learn more about health care management, but also learn how to turn my company from a small business to a national test prep brand. So I took a leave of absence from medical school at USC to attend business school at Yale. I [will] finish my MBA in May and will return to USC in the fall to finish my last year of medical school. On a recent episode of Shark Tank, angel investor and billionaire Mark Cuban agreed to invest $250K in your company in exchange for a 20% equity stake. What was your strategy when approaching the Sharks? Were you surprised to see Cuban jump on board? I valued my company at $2M using net present value of discounted cash flows that I had learned in business school. Therefore, I asked for $250K in exchange for 10% equity. I did this because I knew that the Sharks typically negotiate entrepreneurs to a lower valuation, so I wanted to have a slightly higher valuation in my initial ask to leave some room for negotiation. I was surprised that Cuban gave me an offer because he initially seemed unimpressed at the beginning of my pitch. But Mark was the one Shark I wanted going into the Tank. So it worked out! What have been your biggest challenges with juggling a company and attending business school? Do the pros outweigh the possible cons? The biggest challenge of attending business school and running my business is balancing my time. There is so much that an entrepreneur has to do when running a growing company. Sometimes itâs difficult to do everything I need to because of case studies and group meetings in business school. But the amount I have learned in business school about how to build and run a multimillion-dollar company certainly outweighs these small cons. Where do you see 2400 Expert SAT Prep advancing in the next five years, and how do you believe Mark Cubanâs involvement will influence the companyâs progress? In the next five years, I believe we can help one million students prep for the SAT so that theyâve improved their SAT scores an average of 300+ points, resulting in great college acceptances and scholarship awards for our students. The best part of this business is getting success emails from students such as one that I got the other day: âThank you for writing the SAT 2400 bookâ"it was a great help and I ended up getting in wherever I applied, including Harvard, Yale (currently in Trumbull College), and Princeton. Iâm a Pakistani American from Brooklynâ"not wealthy by any meansâ"and couldnât afford a private tutor, so I had to find a way to self-study, and your book really did the trick.â Mark Cuban not only has a huge brand that will help the company, but heâs already been helpful in guiding the strategic direction of the company. How would you advise current MBA students who are hoping to get their businesses off the ground during their studies? Donât worry about failing. Too many people are risk averse and afraid to dive in. You have to fail first in order to succeed. I look at every failure as an opportunity. Every time I have been rejected by a university [Harvard Business School, Wharton, Stanford Graduate School of Business], literary agent, book publisher, licensed content partner, Shark, etc., I see it as an opportunity to tell a great underdog story later! Life would be so boring if everything came easy. Those who are afraid to fail will never succeed. Share ThisTweet News Yale University (School of Management)
Monday, May 25, 2020
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, 1986
At 1:23 a.m. on April 26th, 1986, reactor four at the nuclear power plant near Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded, releasing more than a hundred times the radiation of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Thirty-one people died shortly after the explosion and thousands more are expected to die from the long-term effects of radiation. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster dramatically changed the worlds opinion about using nuclear reaction for power. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant The Chernobyl nuclear power plant was built in the wooded marshlands of northern Ukraine, approximately 80 miles north of Kiev. Its first reactor went online in 1977, the second in 1978, third in 1981, and fourth in 1983; two more were planned for construction. A small town, Pripyat, was also built near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant to house the workers and their families. Routine Maintenance and a Test on Reactor Four On April 25, 1986, reactor four was going to be shut down for some routine maintenance. During the shutdown, technicians were also going to run a test. The test was to determine whether, in case of a power outage, the turbines could produce enough energy to keep the cooling system running until the backup generators came online. The shutdown and test began at 1 a.m. on April 25th. To get accurate results from the test, the operators turned off several of the safety systems, which turned out to be a disastrous decision. In the middle of the test, the shutdown had to be delayed nine hours because of a high demand for power in Kiev. The shutdown and test continued again at 11:10 p.m. on the night of April 25th. A Major Problem Just after 1 a.m. on April 26th, 1986, the reactors power dropped suddenly, causing a potentially dangerous situation. The operators tried to compensate for the low power but the reactor went out of control. If the safety systems had remained on, they would have fixed the problem; however, they were not. The reactor exploded at 1:23 a.m. The World Discovers the Meltdown The world discovered the accident two days later, on April 28th, when operators of the Swedish Forsmark nuclear power plant in Stockholm registered unusually high radiation levels near their plant. When other plants around Europe began to register similar high radiation readings, they contacted the Soviet Union to find out what had happened. The Soviets denied any knowledge about a nuclear disaster until 9 p.m. on April 28th, when they announced to the world that one of the reactors had been damaged. Attempts to Clean Up While trying to keep the nuclear disaster a secret, the Soviets were also trying to clean it up. At first they poured water on the many fires, then they tried to put them out with sand and lead and then nitrogen. It took nearly two weeks to put the fires out. Citizens in the nearby towns were told to stay indoors. Pripyat was evacuated on April 27th, the day after the disaster had begun; the town of Chernobyl wasnt evacuated until May 2, six days after the explosion. Physical clean-up of the area continued. Contaminated topsoil was placed into sealed barrels and radiated water contained. Soviet engineers also encased the remains of the fourth reactor in a large, concrete sarcophagus to prevent additional radiation leakage. The sarcophagus, constructed quickly and in dangerous conditions, had already begun to crumble by 1997. An international consortium has begun plans to create a containment unit that will be placed over the current sarcophagus. Death Toll From the Chernobyl Disaster Thirty-one people died shortly after the explosion; however, thousands of others who were exposed to high levels of radiation will suffer serious health effects, including cancers, cataracts, and cardiovascular disease.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Stress Term Paper - 2628 Words
The Effects of Stress Stress is an ongoing dilemma which occurs in everyones life. It is a factor that is without a question apart of daily living. Due to the minor problems that occur in peoples daily lives, massive amounts of stress can arise. Stress means different things to people and effects people in different ways. Some people think stress is something that happens to them such as an injury or a birthday. And others think that stress is what happens to our mind, body, and behaviors in a response to an event. While stress does involve events and how one responds to them, these are not the critical factors, but our thoughts about the situation in which we are involved are the critical factors. Essentially, stress existsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A burnout is an increasingly intense pattern of psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to a continuous flow of stress or chronic stress. It is commonly found among employees and professionals who have a high degree of personal invest ment in their work and have high performance expectations. In the initial stages, people often have a variety of physiological and behavioral symptoms and lose interest and confidence in their work. The following physiological symptoms may occur: shortness of breath, loss of appetite, weight, headache, fatigue, and exhaustion. People who experience a burnout may have some of the behavioral symptoms like: lack of interest in fellow employees, risky behavior, and mood swings. In the later stages, people often engage in the following problems such as, abuse of alcohol and other drugs, smoke excessively, drink more caffeinated beverages, and become more rigid in their thinking. They often lose faith in the abilities of co-workers, management, the organization, and themselves. As a result they then become less productive. In fact, many people dont associate these symptoms to stress and this burnout stage. This burnout stage goes behind the subject ego depletion. Ego depletion is w hen an indivual acts of volition-making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating, or inhibiting behavior, and making plans of action to carrying them out. (Wall,2001 ) This stage draws outShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Testing On Human Trials On The University Of Buffalo s Research1375 Words à |à 6 PagesArticles often manipulate scientific inquiries to appeal to their audiences. Due to these exploitations in scientific research papers, media sites interpret data incorrectly, and distort the results of scientific research. Although many media sites, give faulty information, The Huffington Post does a fair job at interpreting the University of Buffaloââ¬â¢s Research Institutes work on endocannabinoids and their effect on cognitive behavior. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Analysis Of The Water Related Adaptation Interventions For...
At the community level, from my observation in work, I recognized that the local communities have the best capability to adapt with the adverse impacts. People had managed to protect their livelihood resources such as cropping fields, ponds, aquaculture farms and domestic facilities. For example, in the early rainy season, some focal groups of local residents are formed. These groups are responsible for monitoring the water levels and protecting proactively the irrigation facilities and the critical areas of dykes. In order to cope with inundation, local residents have to work together to dredge the small channels and to upgrade the paddy field embankments when they get the heavy rain forecast. They have stored fresh water and changed in their water use to cope with potential floods, storm, inundation and drought. In short, the water-related adaptation interventions in Thai Binh province focuses on upgrading hard facilities in irrigation and water supply systems; capacity building programs; afforestation in coastal zones and developing the local communities respond effectively to climate change. iii. Management operation Management in climate change adaptation plays an important role to ensure the success of interventions. The primary approach in Vietnam administrative management is a top-down approach. In climate change adaptation management, national organizations develop the policies, strategies, plans and national programs to adapt with adverse impacts. The lower
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America free essay sample
The research gives the patient as well as the doctors and other healthcare professionals the education to be able to make the best decisions possible with treatments for each different individual as well as the support of the Government in this research. ââ¬Å"The economics of medical product development determines how pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies establish their funding priorities. According to industry estimates, it takes an average of $800 million and 10-15 years to develop a new drug, medical device, or biologic and bring it to the marketâ⬠[ (Resnick, 2003) ] Scope The overall scope of PhRMA is to do research in improving the quality of healthcare and how to do this. With the ultimate goal being patients receiving health care that is most efficient. Making sure that the research that is done is prioritized by the needs of the patients as well as society as a whole, having the research cover not only specific treatments costs and savings, but the costs of all healthcare treatments as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As well as making sure that all technologies are used appropriately in all of healthcare. Design The design of PhRMA is to make sure that the research that is done is quality research. The data needs to be sufficient in nature as well as having the studies that are done show both the opportunities to improve as well as the strengths to improve upon. Making sure that the research that is done is up to date in this ever changing field so that it is providing the best results possible. The research needs to be both of a broad nature as well as a specifically direct nature, covering aspects that are important to society and the patients. Considering both economic issues and how well patients can be productive members of society, doing additional research to get patients to that point if they are not. Application PhRMA needs to make sure that the research that they are doing shows that not all patients are equal in the needs that they have medically and that if the research is not done on a personal level and done instead on a population level then the results will not show the individuals needs. In short, research that is done on a broader spectrum is only one way that can help people and the doctors to make an informed decision on care. With all of the technology that is out in the world of healthcare people needs to be informed on the other options that they may have for treatment. The government research should consider a balance in communicating the findings of its research. Giving access to peer reviewed results so that treatment decisions are well rounded before a decision is made. ââ¬Å"Government decisions related to the funding and conduct of health outcomes research should be made through open, transparent procedures that ensure appropriate and timely involvement of stakeholders such as patients, health care professionals and medical researchers on issues such as proposed research goals, study designs and communication of study results. â⬠[ (Resnick, 2003) ] In this communication, keeping in mind that all people can react differently to different treatments making sure to keep the needs of the patients as well as the value in mind. Discussion The article that I read was very interesting. I did not realize with the complication of research, especially with in the healthcare industry exactly how much of it really does affect the economy. Giving patients the variety in the different treatments that they receive can have a positive effect on the economy. It can over time change pricing (costs inputs), and with additional research that is constantly done on the variety of the treatments over time will help to create medical advances over time.à In the mission statement of PhRMA it states ââ¬Å"To conduct effective advocacy for public policies that encourage discovery of important new medicines for patients by pharmaceutical and biotechnology research companies.
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